Pigment-containing gel mass vased on lipids

ABSTRACT

A pigment-bearing gel material based on lipids and color pencils containing same, which is characterized in that it has a combination of oil-soluble alkylcellulose whose alkyl residues can be straight-chain or branched and preferably have have between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, an alkylgalactomannan polysaccharide whose alkyl residue preferably has between 1 and 10 carbon atoms and a salt which was obtained from a long-chain fatty acid with preferably between 16 and 24 carbon atoms and a fatty acid amidoalkyldialkylamine of a fatty acid with between 16 and 24 carbon atoms and processes for the production of same.

The invention concerns pigment-bearing gel materials based on lipids,color pencils containing same and processes for the production ofpigment-bearing gel materials and color pencils containing such gelmaterials.

Pigment-bearing gel materials based on lipids are disperse systems whichcomprise a network of the gel-forming component with lipid incorporatedtherein. The gel material also contains pigments for coloring purposesand possibly also fillers which are insoluble therein. Materials of thatkind are suitable for the application of colors in many sectors. Themain areas of use that can be considered for pigmented gel materials arecoloring materials for drawing and painting and for the area ofdecorative cosmetics where they can be used in many forms, inter alia inthe form of creamy makeup or in the form of a makeup pencil, creamyeyeshadow or in the form of an eyeshadow pencil, in the form of rouge,lipstick, eyeliner pencil and also eyebrow pencil and in the form of akohl or kajal pencil. In particular such pigment-bearing gel materialsbased on lipids can be used for the production of cosmetic pencils.

Materials used for drawing, painting and for makeup should be such thatthey can be easily applied but, after having been applied, they shouldhave good durability and should be as water-proof as possible, and inthe case of cosmetic pencils should also be tear-proof as well astransfer-resistant, that is to say they should not come off on to otherarticles such as for example glasses or textiles and they should notmigrate or bleed out of the region in which they are applied.

Known color pencil compositions are based on a blend of fats, oils andwaxes, which is colored with pigments. Thus the standard works which areknown to the appropriately involved man skilled in the art describe forexample lipsticks or eyeshadow pencils comprising pencil formulationsmade up from natural or synthetic triglycerides, hardened oils, cocoabutter, coconut oil, natural or synthetic oils or paraffin oils,silicone oils, natural or mineral waxes and usual additives such aslanolin or lanolin derivatives. Those preparations may possibly alsocontain known cosmetic ‘active substances’, for example based onoil-soluble plant extracts, bisabolol or vitamins. In general thosepreparations represent thixotropic systems which liquefy under theshearing forces occurring upon application and thus permit soft gentleapplication.

It is also known for example to employ such preparations, using volatilesubstances such as for example short-chain linear or cyclic siliconeoils, known to the man skilled in the art as dimethicone orcyclomethicone, or volatile hydrocarbons, in particular isoparaffins, ormixtures thereof. Such preparations can be particularly softly andgently applied and, after evaporation of the volatile constituents, whatremains behind is a flexible lipid film with transfer-resistantproperties, which also exhibits only slight tendencies to migrate intothe fine creases and folds in the skin.

Such gel-like preparations have hitherto been used in the cosmeticssector predominantly for deodorant and anti-perspirant sticks. Ingeneral terms those gels have the advantage that they can be easilyapplied but at the same they suffer from the disadvantage that theycannot be mechanically loaded. In that respect the advantage of easyapplicability predominates in regard to deodorant sticks, and no majorsignificance is attributed to stability, by virtue of the form of thosesticks.

In relation to their length deodorant sticks are of a relatively largediameter and the requirements in terms of strength are not very high byvirtue of the structure of the sticks. It was found that materials whichare well suited for deodorant sticks can only be limitedly shaped toform thinner sticks and leads and, in particular as the materials aretoo soft, they can only be removed from the mold with great difficultyor not at all. In particular leads for cosmetic pencils are generally ofdiameters in the range of between 2 and 10 mm.

The attempt has therefore been made to produce such oleogels using waxesfor example beeswax, candelilla wax or carnauba wax and shape them toform leads. Beeswax shrinks upon being cooled and is therefore suitablefor materials which are to be processed by heating above their softeningpoint and molding in suitable molds and cooling to form stick blanks.Candelilla wax and carnauba wax give the oleogels shine and aretherefore popular with lipsticks and eyeshadow pencils. It was foundhowever that the known oleogels have an excessively low oil bindingcapability so that ageing in the case of prolonged storage and whenchanges in temperature occur can result in syneresis effects, whichresults in oil separation phenomena, so-called ‘sweating’, which can goas far as complete phase separation phenomena. The oil contained in thematerial initially issues in the form of droplets and later moves intothe surrounding area, which adversely affects the esthetic appearance ofthe pencil. In addition due to the discharge of oils the pencils losetheir elasticity and become brittle. It was further found that the leadsproduced from the material shrink so severely due to the oil diffusingaway, evaporating or migrating, that, in an attempt to produce colorpencils, leads inserted in wood slip out of the wood sheaths after ashort time. If lead materials of that kind for producing color pencilsare cast in plastic sheaths or in rotary mechanisms of plastic material,it was found that oil migrating out of the lead spreads along the innerand outer walls and adversely affects the function even of those colorpencils. It was further found that very thin leads of diameters in therange of around between 2 and 4 mm have excessively low resistance tofracture, which, upon being removed from—preferably metallic—castingmolds results in considerable breakage and thus reject wastage. Ifcasting is effected directly into rotary mechanisms using modernprocesses, then in the event of a lead breakage the entire rotarymechanism generally has to be discarded as waste.

Therefore an object of the invention was to eliminate the disadvantageshitherto connected with color leads and so improve known pencilmaterials that color leads with a soft delivery and a high proportion ofoil can be processed in accordance with the usual technologies—such asextruding a material to form elongate extrusions and introducingextrusion portions which have been cut to length into wood or othersuitable materials in accordance with the processes known in theproduction of lead pencils, pouring a material which is heated above themelting point into preferably metallic casting molds and insertingcastings obtained after cooling into suitable application members,pouring a material which has been heated above the melting point into acasing of an injectable material or pouring such a material into thelead guide part of a rotary mechanism. In particular the invention seeksto provide that it is possible using those known processes to producethin colored leads of diameters in the range of between 2 and 4 mm,which have sufficient tensile strength, flexural strength and resistanceto fracture.

A further object of the invention was to produce such color pencils insuch a way that, with a high proportion of oil and a soft delivery,which is desired in particular in relation to cosmetic color leads, theyexhibit no tendency for oil to come out of same and thus they retain anesthetic appearance even after prolonged storage under fluctuatingtemperature conditions.

DE-OS No 199 10 870 describes a pigment-bearing oil-based gel materialwhich contains a hydroxy fatty acid in combination with analkylmethicone. Preparations of that kind are admittedly distinguishedby a good oil binding capacity, but the flexural strength and resistanceto fracture of thin leads for color pencils is certainly still capableof improvement. In addition EP-A 0 861 657 describes cosmetic materialswhose film-forming properties and adhesion properties are said to beimproved by the addition of ethylcellulose. In particular gel-likematerials are said to be produced. DE-OS No 199 11 748 describes leadpencils which contain hydroxyalkylcellulose or alkylcellulose soluble inorganic solvents. That addition is said to improve the tensile strength,flexural strength and resistance to fracture of color leads, inparticular color leads of thin diameter and—measured thereagainst—greatlength. Oil-soluble alkylcellulose, in particular ethylcellulose, ishowever only poorly soluble in the waxes and oils known for themanufacture of color leads; in addition the amount used in materialswhich are heated above the melting point and which are to be processedin that condition by casting is greatly limited as they result in asevere rise in viscosity. The material easily becomes too viscous to becapable of being successfully poured into any openings of smalldiameter—more specifically in the range of diameters of the desiredcolor leads (between 2 and 4 mm). The casting method known from DE-OS No40 05 894, using movable filling needles, also only goes limitedlyfurther, in relation to such highly viscous materials.

The extrusion of materials containing oil-soluble ethylcellulose is inprinciple possible but it requires extraordinarily high extrusionpressures. Therefore those publications do not attain the objects of thepresent invention.

Surprisingly it was now found that a combination of oil-solublealkylcellulose whose alkyl residues can be straight-chain or branchedand preferably have between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, with analkylgalactomannan polysaccharide whose alkyl residue preferably hasbetween 1 and 10 carbon atoms and a salt which was obtained from along-chain fatty acid with preferably between 16 and 24 carbon atoms anda fatty acid amidoalkyldialkylamine of a fatty acid with between 16 and24 carbon atoms, results in color leads with completely surprisingstability properties. The latter may involve for examplestearoylamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate or behenamidopropyldimethylamine stearate or stearoylamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate orbehenamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate or mixtures thereof. Quiteparticularly preferred in that respect is oil-soluble ethylcellulose incombination with a C1-5 alkylgalactomannan and behenamidopropyldimethylamine behenate. The specified product designations involve theso-called ‘INCI names’ which are known to the man skilled in therelevant art.

C1-5 alkylgalactommanan and behenamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate arecertainly known to the man skilled in the art as film-forming agents andas viscosity-increasing raw materials for non-aqueous systems. It wastherefore all the more surprising to find that the specified combinationof those two raw materials with oil-soluble ethylcellulose involved amarkedly reduced level of viscosity of a pigmented mixture of fats,waxes and oils, heated above the melting point thereof, which resultedin a highly fluid, pourable material. In addition it was possible inthat mixture—evidently by virtue of certain surface-active effects ofthe behenamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate—to dissolve somewhat largeramounts of oil-soluble ethylcellulose in that material, without in thatrespect involving the depositions of ethylcellulose, observed withoutthat addition, or increases in viscosity. The combination of the threeraw materials specified therefore resulted in a very homogeneous mixturewith good pigment distribution and after pouring and cooling of thecastings, that gave color leads which can be uniformly applied and whichare pleasant to apply, in particular when such color leads are to beapplied to the tender skin of the face in the region of the lips andeyes.

In that respect, the alkylcellulose, preferably an oil-solubleethylcellulose, is used in a proportion of between 0.1 and 20% byweight, preferably between 0.25 and 10% by weight, quite particularlypreferably between 0.3 and 6% by weight. The alkylgalactomannan,preferably the C1-5 alkylgalactomannan, is used in proportions ofbetween 0.1 and 20% by weight, preferably between 0.25 and 10% byweight, quite particularly preferably between 0.4 and 4% by weight.

The salt which comprises a long-chain fatty acid with preferably between16 and 24 carbon atoms and a fatty acid amidoalkyldialkylamine of afatty acid with between 16 and 24 carbon atoms, preferablybehanamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate, is used in proportions ofbetween 0.1 and 30% by weight, preferably between 0.3 and 20% by weight,particularly preferably between 0.5 and 6% by weight. In that respectcare is to be taken to ensure that the proportions of alkylcellulose,preferably oil-soluble ethylcellulose and alkylgalactomannanpolysaccharide, preferably C1-5 alkylgalactomannan, are used in a ratioof between 0.3:1 and 3:1 relative to each other and the ratio of thesalt which comprises a long-chain fatty acid with preferably between 16and 24 carbon atoms and a fatty acid amidoalkyldialkylamine of a fattyacid with between 16 and 24 carbon atoms, preferably behanamidopropyldimethylamine behenate is in a ratio of between 0.5:1 and 5:1 to thetotal amount of the other two constituents of the combination.

It was further surprising that the combination of the three specifiedraw materials, in the cooled condition, produces very attractive andhomogeneous gel structures in which very large amounts of an oilcomponent remain stably bound, so that separation or oil depositphenomena do not occur even after a prolonged period of time—not even ifthe said color leads are stored under severely fluctuating temperatures.

That oil component which constitutes an essential constituent of the gelmaterial according to the invention can include vegetable, animal,mineral or synthetic oil and/or fat and wax. Thus inter alia oils, fattyoils, fats, paraffins and petroleum jelly (Vaseline) are suitable forthe present invention. The following may be named here by way ofexample: vegetable oils such as for example castor oil, sunflower oil,sesame seed oil, rapeseed oil, hydrated vegetable oils such as coconutoil or palm oil, jojoba oil, (INCI: Buxus Chinesis)—in the chemicalsense a liquid wax—lanolin and lanolin derivatives, mineral oil,volatile isoparaffins, volatile and non-volatile silicone oils such asfor example cyclomethicone, dimethicone, phenyltrimethicone and mixturesthereof. The oil is used in a proportion of between 1 and 70% by weight.Below 1% the material is too viscous even at temperatures markedly abovethe melting point, while above 70% by weight the gel structure is onlyinadequately formed and the finished color lead does not enjoy thedesired good properties of use. The desired viscosity of the materialcan be suitably set by virtue of the choice of the nature and amount ofthe oil component, by means of a few routine tests. A part of the oilcomponent can also be formed by wax. In this respect it is possible touse vegetable, animal, mineral and also synthetic waxes such as forexample silicone waxes. The oil component used is preferably mixtures ofoil-like and wax-like raw materials. If the gel material is to be usedfor color leads for cosmetic pencils, preferably a wax which is usual incosmetics is employed, such as for example beeswax, carnauba wax,candlilila wax, Japan wax, ouricuri wax, flower waxes or fruit waxessuch as orange flower wax, jasmine wax, apple wax or orange wax, lignitewax, microcrystalline wax, modified beeswax such as ‘Cera Bellina’,long-chain fatty alcohols such as cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol,isostearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, esters of long-chain fatty alcoholswith long-chain fatty acids such as cetylpalmitate, cetearylpalmitate,stearylstearate, behenylstearate, C20-40 alkylstearate or mixtures ofthose waxes. In that respect beeswax gives a somewhat more mattapplication, while canauba wax and candellila wax give a more stronglyshiny application. Preferably volatile and/or non-volatile oils are usedin the oil component. Particularly preferred in that respect aremixtures of volatile silicone oils such as cyclomethicone and/orshort-chain dimethicone, possibly also mixed with volatile isoparaffinssuch as isoundecane and/or isododecane with waxes, fats, paraffins orfatty oils. In that connection the volatile constituents make it easierto apply the gel material to the skin, in particular that of the face,while on the other hand they enhance the durability and water-resistanceor tears-resistance of the applied layer to a marked extent when thevolatile components have evaporated off. With a suitable combination ofthe volatile components with the remaining oil component it is alsopossible to avoid what is known as the ‘wind-burn effect’.

The proportion of wax is selected in dependence on the viscosity of thegel material heated above the melting point and the subsequently desiredproperties of the finished color lead. Preferably the proportion of waxin the overall composition is between 0.1 and 30% by weight.

The further constituent of the gel material, which is essential to theinvention, is a pigment or a mixture of pigments. Here the substanceswhich are usually employed for pigmented materials are used. Forcosmetic materials, these are regulated in Germany by Appendix 3 of theCosmetic Regulations which are based on the corresponding EC Directive.Comparative regulations also apply in Germany and the USA. Examples ofsuitable pigments are inorganic pigments such as titanium dioxide, ironoxides, ultramarine blue, chromium oxide green, chromium hydroxidegreen, Berlin Blue (Ferric Blue), mica, micas coated with titanium oxideand/or other metal oxides, lakes of organic coloring agents or mixturesthereof. In addition it is also possible to use finely divided,flake-form metal powder such as aluminum, brass, bronze, silver or goldor also finely divided PET flakes which exhibit interference phenomena.Preferably the pigments which are suitable for decorative cosmetics areused. The content of the pigment or the pigment mixtures in the gelmaterial according to the invention is in a range of between 0.1 and 50%by weight, preferably between 1 and 40% by weight, depending on thecolor intensity of the pigment used and the subsequently selectedtechnology for production of the finished color leads. An amount ofbetween 5 and 30% by weight is quite particularly preferred.

In addition to the listed components the gel material according to theinvention may contain still other auxiliary substances and additiveswhich are usual or conventional for materials of this kind. Examples inthat respect are fillers, thickening agents or viscosity regulators,moisture-retaining agents, vitamins, plant extracts, emulsifiers,dissolving aids, dispersing aids, perfumes, aroma substances,anti-oxidants and preserving agents which can be used in the usuallevels of concentration. Preferably the gel material according to theinvention is water-free so that preserving agents are not absolutelynecessary as under those conditions micro-organisms cannot find suitableliving conditions. The use of anti-oxidants is to be recommendedhowever, In particular when the oil component contains constituents withunsaturated fatty acids in order to prevent the gel material accordingto the invention from becoming rancid or spoiling. It is also to benoted in this respect that certain metal oxides, that is to saypigments, can have a catalytic effect on the material becoming rancid.

The total amount of auxiliary substances and additives should not exceed50% by weight and preferably together with the amount of pigments shouldbe in a range of between 0.1 and 50% by weight, preferably between 1 and45% by weight and particularly preferably in a range of between 5 and35% by weight.

The pigmented oil-based gel material according to the invention can beput into any forms. Particularly preferably, it is shaped into the formof leads and used in the form of pencils. A further advantage of the oilmaterial according to the invention is that it can be shaped withcasting and extrusion processes. Particularly preferably the gelmaterial according to the invention is processed to form color pencilsand cosmetic pencils. The leads produced, having a gel structure, enjoythe advantage that they can be applied in the form of slender,independent leads, and equally well in the form of leads which are‘encased’—that is to say accommodated in wood or plasticmaterial—without deforming or indeed breaking off or smearing.

A further subject of the invention is a color pencil which includes asharpenable sheath of wood or a wood substitute or plastic materialwith, embedded therein, a lead comprising a pigmented oil-based gelmaterial. Preferably the color pencil is a cosmetic pencil andparticularly preferably it is a lipstick, eyeshadow pencil, liplinerpencil, eyeliner pencil, kohl pencil, kajal pencil or eyebrow pencil ora covering pencil, referred to as a ‘concealer’.

The color pencil according to the invention is produced by a procedurewhereby the pigmented gel material produced in accordance with theinvention is heated above its melting point and poured in the liquidcondition into a sheath blank, or the pigmented gel material is extrudedand the molding obtained in that way, a portion of an endless extrusion,is laid into grooved board portions of wood, a wood substitute orplastic material, glued to a further grooved board portion to formblanks for about 10 pencils in each case and then subjected to furtherprocessing to provide finished pencils, using the processes which areusual in relation to lead pencils. In a further casting process the gelmaterial according to the invention which is heated above its meltingpoint is cast in molds and after cooling removed from the mold and usedin suitable application units. It is also possible for those applicationunits to be fitted with a lead-holding portion on to a mold and for thegel material according to the invention which has been heated above itsmelting point to be poured in through the lead-holding portion and,after cooling, the finished lead which is then disposed fixedly in thelead-holding portion can be turned back into the application unit. Thatprocess is particularly suitable for the rational production of cosmeticpencils in large numbers. With this manner of manufacture, theadvantageous properties of the gel material according to the inventionin respect of tensile strength, flexural strength and resistance tofracture are particularly relevant.

The leads produced from the pigment-bearing gel material according tothe invention on a lipid basis have very positive properties by virtueof the improved oil-binding capability thereof and improved temperaturestability. For example they can still be used at up to about 45° C. Thecolor leads then still have sufficient hardness and stability and can bewell sharpened—the casings of those color leads can therefore easily besubjected to cutting machining in per se known manner.

A further subject of the invention is a process for the production ofpencils using the gel material according to the invention as is definedin claims 27 and 30.

By virtue of the stability of the gel material it can be processedwithout any problems to form leads, even very thin leads, with a verydisadvantageous ratio of length to diameter, for example the gelmaterial can be heated above its melting point and then shaped. What isessential in that respect is that the material when heated above itsmelting point has only a low level of viscosity and can therefore bewell worked in casting processes. As on the one hand the gel material ishighly homogeneous and temperature-stable and on the other hand theshaped leads have adequate strength, the pencils can be produced by aprocedure whereby the gel material according to the invention is poureddirectly into sheath blanks or the lead-guide portions of an applicationunit or into casting molds on to which a rotary mechanism has beenfitted. In that case the gel material is cast through a lead-holdingportion which is shaped for that purpose, within the rotary mechanism.It is however also possible in a separate first working step firstly toproduce leads by casting or extrusion, and then to fit them into thedesired sheath or rotary mechanism, or to process them to form pencilsin a known casing, using the methods which are known in relation to leadpencil technology. Those alternative configurations afford advantages,and the most appropriate embodiment can be selected for the respectivepurpose involved.

In accordance with an embodiment to produce leads the pigmented gelmaterial is shaped by casting or extrusion. A preferred procedure isshaping with casting processes using the gel material according to theinvention which has been heated above the melting point, as in that casethe material can be poured directly into the sheath blank comprising asharpenable material, which is provided for receiving the lead. Theblank is then subjected to further processing using per se knownprocesses to form a pencil with the lead. That can minimise rejectionwastage.

In another preferred embodiment the gel material according to theinvention which has been heated above the melting point is poured intothe lead-guide portion of an application unit, preferably of a rotarymechanism, and, after cooling, connected to the remaining components ofthe application unit to form a finished rotary mechanism.

In a further preferred embodiment the pigmented gel material accordingto the invention is used to shape a lead by casting or extrusion and thelead is then fitted into a suitable rotary mechanism. The gel materialaccording to the invention, even without support, is of such a stablestructure that the lead disposed in a rotary mechanism can be extendedfrom it or retracted into it by rotation without breaking off. It istherefore also highly suitable for the production of rotary pencils.

It will be self-evident in this respect that suitable measures must betaken for securely sealing off the application units or rotarymechanisms used if the pigmented gel material according to the inventionon a lipid basis contains volatile components such as volatile siliconeoils or isoparaffins. If the leads produced in accordance with theabove-described processes are subjected to further processing using theprocesses known from the production of lead pencils, then the groovedboard portions of wood or wood substitutes, which are used in that case,must obviously previously be sealed off in a suitable known manner toprevent the volatile components from diffusing thereinto.

The invention is described in greater by means of the exampleshereinafter without being restricted thereto. The INCI designationswhich are known to the man skilled in the art have been used to identifythe raw materials involved. The quantitative details are always given inpercent by weight (% wt) with respect to the total weight of thefinished preparation.

EXAMPLE 1 Eyeliner

% wt  (1) Isostearyl alcohol 6.500  (2) C20-40 alkyl stearate 12.000 (3) Paraffin 5.000  (4) Buxus chinensis 2.500  (5) Ethylcellulose 2.000 (6) C1-5 alkyl galactomannan 1.200  (7) Pigments 20.000  (8)Behenamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate 4.750  (9) Ascorbyl palmitate0.100 (10) Tocopherol 0.100 (11) Cyclomethicone 45.850

For the production procedure the components (1) through (4) are puttogether and heated to about 85° C. until a fluid phase has occurred.The components (5) and (6) are dissolved therein and then component(7)—pigments—is added with agitation. The mixture is kept in the fluidcondition with heating, then component (8) is added and dissolved in themixture with agitation. Now about 40% of component (11) is added withagitation and the mixture is homogenised in a suitable manner to destroythe pigment agglomerates, for example by means of a three-roller mill,an Ultra-TURRAX, heated ball mill or the like. The mixture is thenheated above the melting point again, in which case the components (9)and (10) and the remainder of component (11) are added and the overallmixture is thoroughly mixed. The finished mixture is then poured atabout 80° C. into suitable molds and, after cooling, removed from themolds and subjected to further processing. That gives color leads foreyeliner pencils, with good color strength, with very pleasantapplication, which are highly transfer-resistant and which cannot betransferred on to other materials and which do not migrate from thelocation at which they are applied.

EXAMPLE 2 Lipliner

% wt  (1) Isostearyl alcohol 5.500  (2) C20-40 alkyl stearate 11.000 (3) Paraffin 2.000  (4) Buxus chinensis 2.500  (5) Ethylcellulose 1.500 (6) C1-5 alkyl galactomannan 1.200  (7) Pigments 35.000  (8)Behenamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate 4.750  (9) Ascorbyl palmitate0.100 (10) Tocopherol 0.100 (11) Cyclomethicone 36.350

Production is effected in a similar manner to Example 1 but afteraddition of the remaining amount of component (11) the mixture isallowed to cool in a closed container and extruded in known manner toform leads. They are glued into grooved board portions, which are coatedon the inside, consisting of wood, a wood substitute or plasticmaterial, and processed in known manner to form color pencils.

Four comparative examples were conducted, in which the above-mentionedcombination of oil-soluble ethylcellulose, C1-5 alkylgalactomannan andbehenamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate was varied in such a way that ineach case only two of those components were used to produce an eyeshadowpencil in accordance with Example 1. Production was effected similarlyto Example 1:

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES Eyeliner

(3) (4) (5) (6) % wt % wt % wt % wt (1) Isostearyl alcohol 6.500 6.5006.500 6.500 (2) C20-40 alkyl stearate 12.000 12.000 12.000 12.000 (3)Paraffin 2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 (4) Buxus chinensis 2.500 2.500 2.5002.500 (5) Ethylcellulose 2.000 — 2.000 2.300 (6) C1-5 alkyl — 1.2001.200 2.200 galactomannan (7) Pigments 20.000 20.000 20.000 20.000 (8)Behenamidopropyl 4.750 4.750 — — dimethylamine behenate (9) Ascorbylpalmitate 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 (10)  Tocopherol 0.100 0.100 0.1000.100 (11)  Cyclomethicone 50.050 50.850 55.600 54.300

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3

The material acts generally non-homogeneously and forms layer-likestructures. The leads are hard, they deliver irregularly and they breakvery easily. The material when heated above the melting point is highlyviscous and difficult to pour, and the viscosity is retained even whenthere is a further increase in temperature. In a processing procedure inaccordance with Example 2, upon extrusion of the material, the resultobtained is brittle leads which break very easily,

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4

The material sets to form very soft leads which can be removed from themold only with a very great deal of difficulty. The lead materialremains pasty in its interior. The color leads can already no longer beused at room temperature. In a processing procedure in accordance withExample 2 the cooled material cannot be extruded as it flows in the formof a soft paste out of the extruder. No color leads which haveacceptable properties of use can be produced in that way.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5

The material is highly viscous and difficult to pour. The leads are veryfirm and provide poor and irregular delivery of color. Severe separationof cyclomethicone occurs at the surface of the color lead. In aproduction procedure in accordance with Example 2, it is not possible toobtain usable color leads by extrusion as the majority of color leadsbreak a number of times or even totally crumble away.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 6

The material is highly viscous and can no longer be processed bypouring. An increase in temperature to 120° C. does not result in areduction in viscosity. A processing procedure in accordance withExample 2 does not give usable color leads, by extrusion. Leads producedin that way are hard, they break very easily and they exhibit poorirregular delivery of color. Severe separation of cyclomethicone on thesurface of those color leads occurs.

1-30. (canceled)
 31. A pigment-bearing gel material based on lipids,comprising: (a) between 0.1 and 20% by weight of oil-solublealkylcellulose having alkyl residues selected from the group consistingof straight-chain and branched and having between 1 and 10 carbon atoms,(b) between 0.1 and 20% by weight of alkylgalactomannan polysaccharidehaving an alkyl residue between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, and (c) between0.1 and 30% by weight of a salt from a long-chain fatty acid havingbetween 16 and 24 carbon atoms and a fatty acid amidoalkyldialkylamine.32. A gel material as set forth in claim 31, wherein the oil-solublealkylcellulose is oil-soluble ethlycellulose.
 33. A gel material as setforth in claim 31, wherein the akylgalactomannan polysaccharide is C1-5alkylgalactomannan.
 34. A gel material as set forth in claim 31, whereinthe salt from a long-chain fatty acid and a fatty acidalkylamidodialkylamine is selected from the group consisting ofstearylamidopropyl dimethyl lamine stearate, behenamidopropyldimethylamine stearate, stearoylamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate,behenamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate and mixtures thereof.
 35. A gelmaterial as set forth in claim 31, wherein the salt is abehenamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate.
 36. A gel material as set forthin claim 31, comprising: (a) between 0.1 and 20% by weight ofoil-soluble ethylcellulose, (b) between 0.1 and 20% by weight of C1-5alkylgalactomannan, and (c) between 0.1 and 30% by weightbehenamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate.
 37. A gel material as set forthin claim 31, comprising: (a) between 0.25 and 10% by weight ofoil-soluble ethylcellulose, (b) between 0.25 and 10% by weight of C1-5alkylgalactomannan, and (c) between 0.30 and 20% by weightbehenamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate.
 38. A gel material as set forthin claim 31, comprising: (a) between 0.4 and 4% by weight of oil-solubleethylcellulose, (b) between 0.4 and 4% by weight of C1-5alkylgalactomannan, and (c) between 0.5 and 6% by weightbehenamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate.
 39. A gel material as set forthin one of claims 31 through 38, wherein the oil-soluble ethylcelluloseand the C1-5 alkylgalactomannan are used in a ratio of between 0.3:1 and3:1 relative to each other.
 40. A gel material as set forth in one ofclaims 31 through 38, wherein behenamidopropyl dimethylamine behenate isin a ratio of between 0.5:1 and 5:1 to the total amount of the other twoconstituents of the combination.
 41. A gel material as set forth in oneof claims 31 through 38, further comprising an oil component wherein theoil component is selected from the group consisting of vegetable,animal, mineral synthetic oil, fat, non-volatile silicon oil, volatilesilicone oil, wax and mixtures thereof.
 42. A gel material as set forthin claim 41, wherein the oil component is present in an amount ofbetween 1 and 70% by weight with respect to the total weight of thecomposition.
 43. A gel material as set forth in claim 42, wherein theoil component is selected from the group consisting of castor oil,sunflower oil, sesame seed oil, rapeseed oil, hydrated coconut oil,hydrated palm oil, jojoba oil, mineral oil, paraffin, petroleum jelly,lanolin, lanolin derivatives, volatile isoparaffin, cyclomethicone,dimethicone, phenyltrimethicone and mixtures thereof.
 44. A gel materialas set forth in claim 41, wherein wax is present between 0.1 and 30% byweight with respect to the total weight of the composition.
 45. A gelmaterial as set forth in claim 44, wherein the wax contains one of anatural, mineral and synthetic wax.
 46. A gel material as set forth inclaim 44, wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting ofbeeswax, modified beeswax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, Japan wax,ouricuri wax, flower wax, orange flower wax, jasmine wax, fruit wax,apple wax, orange wax, lignite wax, microcrystalline wax, long-chainfatty alcohols, esters of long-chain fatty alcohols and long-chain fattyacids and mixtures thereof.
 47. A gel material as set forth in claim 46,wherein the long-chain fatty alcohol is selected from the groupconsisting of cetylalcohol, stearylalcohol, behenylalcohol and mixturesthereof.
 48. A gel material as set forth in claim 46, wherein the esterof long-chain fatty alcohol and long-chain fatty acid is selected fromthe group consisting of cetylpalmitate, cetearylpalmitate,stearylstearate, behenylstearate, C20-40 alkylstearate and mixturesthereof.
 49. A gel material as set forth in claim 41, further comprisingauxiliary substances and additives in a proportion of between 0.1 and50% by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition.
 50. Agel material as set forth in claim 41, further comprising pigments in anamount of between 0.1 and 50% by weight with respect to the total weightof the composition.
 51. A gel material as set forth in claim 41, furthercomprising pigments in an amount of between 1 and 45% by weight withrespect to the total weight of the composition.
 52. A gel material asset forth in claim 41, further comprising pigments in an amount ofbetween 5 and 35% by weight with respect to the total weight of thecomposition.
 53. A gel material as set forth in claim 51, wherein thepigments are selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide,iron oxides, ultramarine blue, chromium oxide green, chromium hydroxidegreen, Berlin Blue, mica, sheen pigments, flake-form metal powders,finely divided PET flakes, flakes of organic coloring agents andmixtures thereof.
 54. A gel material as set forth in claim 31, whereinthe material is in the form of one of a cast and extruded lead.
 55. Acolor pencil including a lead comprising a gel material as set forth inclaim 41, wherein the lead is surrounded by one of a sheath blank ofwood, a wood substitute and plastic material.
 56. A color pencilincluding a lead comprising a gel material as set forth in claim 53,wherein the lead is fixed in a rotary mechanism of a rotary pencil. 57.A color pencil as set forth in claim 56, wherein the pencil is acosmetic pencil.
 58. A color pencil as set forth in claim 57, whereinthe cosmetic pencil is selected from the group consisting of lipstick,lipliner pencil, eyeshadow pencil, eyeliner pencil, kohl pencil, kajalpencil, eyebrow pencil and concealing pencil.
 59. A process for theproduction of the color pencil of claim 56 comprising the steps ofmelting and casting the gel material into a sheath blank to form thepencil.
 60. A process for the production of the color pencil of claim56, including extruding the gel material to form a blank, cutting theblank length to form portions leads.
 61. A process for the production ofa color pencil as set forth in claim 56, wherein the gel is melted andpoured through a lead-holding portion, which is fitted on to a castingmold, of a rotary mechanism, and the lead formed after cooling, afterremoval from the mold, is rotated into the rotary mechanism of a rotarypencil.
 62. A process for the production of a color pencil as set forthclaim 56, wherein the gel is melted and poured into a casting mold andthe lead formed after cooling, is fitted into the lead-holding portionof a rotary mechanism of a rotary pencil.